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If you want to get updates from only of some of the issues (while preserving the changes made to the rest of them), select issues you want to refresh and click Refresh Selected Issues button (2). Just like when refreshing the whole sheet, this will discard all changes made to the selected issues in Excel and update them with the latest changes from Jira.

Refreshing single issue from selected issue tab

After clicking a particular issue (1) that is present in a row, user is to be taken to a Tab view that is dedicated only for that particular issue (2):

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Anything that is to be changed here, is to be applied only for an entitled in the tab issue. Other issues won't be affected when user decides to use "Refresh issue" button (3).

 Note that the button uses single form ("issue") to underline that only one, selected, is to be affected by modifications of its content.